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Glossary Solar PV

Isc vs Imp vs Voc: The Solar Panel Numbers That Actually Matter for Cable Sizing

Three similar-looking figures on a solar panel datasheet, each feeding into a different part of the DC cable sizing calculation.

A solar panel datasheet lists several electrical figures with similar-looking names. Here's what each one actually feeds into for cable sizing purposes.

Isc — Short-Circuit Current

The maximum current the panel can produce when its terminals are directly shorted together. This is the figure the 1.25× (or applicable stacked) safety multiplier gets applied to for minimum cable ampacity sizing — see the dedicated 1.25×Isc article.

Imp — Current at Maximum Power

The actual operating current when the panel is delivering its rated maximum power under normal conditions — lower than Isc. This figure is relevant to voltage drop calculations, since it represents the real, sustained operating current rather than the theoretical short-circuit maximum.

Voc — Open-Circuit Voltage

The maximum voltage the panel produces with no current flowing (an open circuit). This figure, corrected for the coldest realistic site temperature (see the dedicated string voltage and temperature article), determines cable and isolator voltage rating requirements.

Quick Reference Table

FigureFeeds into
IscMinimum cable ampacity (with safety multiplier)
ImpVoltage drop calculation (real operating current)
VocCable and isolator voltage rating (temperature-corrected)

Engr. Jason Morales — Founder, SolarEnergyPH & OhmWorks

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